Distributed parameter circuit

　　Distributed parameter circuits are circuits in which the actual circuit parameters have distribution and must be considered for parameter distribution in lumped parameter circuits. These circuits are called distributed parameter circuits Also known as a high-speed circuit, it refers to a circuit in which the length of a transmission line is comparable to the operating wavelength and needs to be described using a distributed parameter circuit. A typical distributed parameter circuit is a transmission line

　　With the increase of frequency, signal transmission is no longer limited to voltage and current, but relies on electromagnetic field propagation, which is locked between the wire and the reference ground. Due to this high-frequency effect, if equivalent to a circuit, the voltage at each position on the wire is different (except for periodic repetition points), and the current at each position is also different. This is the difference from lumped parameter circuits, which are referred to as distributed parameter circuits, and wires are called transmission lines. Distributed parameter circuits also use lumped components, such as high-frequency inductors, capacitors, etc., but when selecting, attention should be paid to the self resonant frequency.

　　Meanwhile, there is also a very important concept in distributed parameter circuits - characteristic impedance, which is the ratio of equivalent voltage to current at a certain position on the transmission line. In theory, the characteristic impedance is a constant, and as long as the source and load impedances match, there will be no reflection. Characteristic impedance is not a loss resistance, but a property of the transmission line that can characterize the reflection of signals on the transmission line.

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