RF isolator directional and bidirectional coupler

　　coupler

　　The principle of coupler operation is to sample the RF signal, assuming that the target is to emit an orange signal from the antenna. Before the signal is radiated, place a coupler in front of the antenna to sample the signal. As long as the sample is orange, everything is fine. But if the signal sampled by the coupler turns red. At this point, the use will inform other parts of the circuit to prepare yellow, which is precisely the function of the coupler. A coupler samples an RF signal, and if there is anything wrong, it tells other devices to make changes upon return. It can also be interpreted as feedback. In RF systems, couplers are often used as part of feedback circuits. A coupler is a passive component.

　　The directional coupler has a sampling port that operates only in one direction. The bidirectional coupler operates in two directions and has two sampling ports.

　　Additionally, directional couplers can be viewed as dual channel splitters, where power is unevenly distributed, with 99% of the power reaching the output and 1% reaching the sampling port.

　　In addition to insertion loss, the key performance parameter of directional couplers is coupling accuracy. In order for the coupler to function properly, it is necessary to know the exact amount of signal coming out of the sampling port, which cannot vary with frequency, time, temperature, or other factors.

　　Orthogonal coupler

　　Unlike directional couplers with sampling ports, orthogonal couplers are almost identical to bidirectional power dividers. Their output power is evenly distributed between the two outputs. The difference between a bidirectional power divider and an orthogonal coupler is that the two outputs in the orthogonal coupler are in phase opposition.

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