Lumped parameter circuit

　　Lumped parameter circuit: In general circuit analysis, all parameters of the circuit, such as impedance, capacitance, and inductance, are concentrated at various points in space, and the signals between each component and point are instantaneously transmitted. This idealized circuit model is called a lumped circuit. The components involved are also known as lumped parameter components, such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, and wires.

　　The low-frequency circuit corresponds to a lumped parameter circuit, for which the voltage and current at each position on the wire are the same.

　　The electromagnetic processes of the circuit components involved in this type of circuit are concentrated inside the components. It is conditional to approximate the actual circuit with a lumped circuit, as the size of the actual circuit must be much smaller than the electromagnetic wavelength at which the circuit operates. For lumped parameter circuits, Kirchhoff's law uniquely determines structural constraints (also known as topological constraints, which determine the type of relationship that voltage and current must follow based on the connection between components).

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