1. Antenna directionality: One of the basic functions of a transmitting antenna is to radiate the energy obtained from the feed line into the surrounding space, and the second basic function is to radiate most of the energy in the desired direction. The vertically placed half wave symmetric oscillator has a three-dimensional directional pattern of a flattened "bread circle" shape (Figure 1). Although the three-dimensional pattern has a strong sense of depth, it is difficult to draw. Figures 2 and 3 show its two planar patterns, which describe the directionality of the antenna on a specified plane. From Figure 2, it can be seen that the radiation in the axis direction of the oscillator is zero, and the maximum radiation direction is in the horizontal plane; From Figure 3, it can be seen that the radiation in all directions on the horizontal plane is equally large.

　　2. Antenna directionality enhancement: Several symmetrical oscillator arrays can control radiation, generate "flat bread circles", and further concentrate the signal in the horizontal direction. The following diagram shows the directional pattern of four half wave symmetric oscillators arranged vertically in a vertical quaternion array.

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